A Brief Note On Physician Assisted Suicide ( Pas )

Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) has fueled a lot of debate ever since it was first legalized in Oregon in 1997. PAS is when a doctor prescribes a medication that the patient can use to end their life. Washington legalized PAS in March of 2009, but only saw 255 individuals in 2012 who acquired the medication necessary to end their life from their doctor, resulting in only 24 of those patients using the prescription (McBride 45). It is debatable whether or not PAS should be seen as the equivalent to the suicide that we have labeled as immoral and have tried to prevent while others also question whether PAS is a reasonable solution to the suffering that terminally ill patients are inevitably being put through. I believe PAS should not be legalized in any other state and should, therefore, become illegal in the four states which now allow it and instead train their doctors to provide better palliative care for their patients. To begin, individuals who agree with PAS support their ar gument by focusing on the suffering that the patient would no longer have to go through. Supporters have called it the â€Å"right-to-die movement† and are concentrating on informing the public that people who are suffering due to their terminal illness have the right to die and would have, what they have deemed as, a death with dignity (Lachman 121). PAS has gained names which reflect it in a positive light such as â€Å"right to die, good death, rational suicide, aid in dying, and merciful release†Show MoreRelatedEuthanasia Is The Other Form And It Takes Place Against The Patient s Consent1005 Words   |  5 Pagesand it takes place against the patient’s consent. Finally, non-voluntary euthanasia is whereby a physician carries out the act despite the fact that the patient does not have the ability to make the decision. To understand the slippery slope here, it is important to take note of the fact that all these forms of euthanasia are morally demeaning sin ce they do not uphold the right to life. Legalizing PAS would, therefore, imply that the right to life is being violated. It also dehumanizes patients andRead MoreThe Death Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia3752 Words   |  16 Pagesdeath against their will or without asking. This form of euthanasia is usually only brought up in slippery slope arguments and at the level of social policy. Physician assisted suicide is similar to active euthanasia and usually supported on the same grounds, except in the former, it is the patient who â€Å"kills†, while in the later, it is the physician who â€Å"kills† (6). Before assessing the morality of such practices, we should take a look at some common arguments. James Rachels argues that the traditionalRead MoreEssay on Active Euthanasia, Free Will and Autonomy1945 Words   |  8 Pagesprotracted struggles with chronic illnesses such as heart disease and cancer. (Horgan, 1997). As the U.S. Supreme Court reconsiders the constitutionality of Physician- Assisted Suicide (PAS), conservative medical organizations such as The American Medical Association, the American Nursing Association and the National Hospice Society have filed briefs with the Supreme Court opposing it (Horgan, 1997). Indeed, many U.S. health care providers in the medical service sector, advocate the development ofRead More Euthanasia Must Not Be Legalized Essays2091 Words   |  9 PagesBritain is assisted dying for the terminally ill bill. This bill was tabled in 2006 (BBC,n.d). As emphasize in the bill, â€Å"To enable a competent adult who is suffering unbearably as a result of a terminal illness to receive medical assistance to die at his own considered and persistent request; and to make provision for a person suffering from a terminal illness to receive pain relief medication (Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Act, 2004).† There are 3 major conditions in assisted dying thatRead More Biography of Edgar Allan Poe Essay11890 Words   |  48 Pagesspoiled as a very little boy, a propensity on the part of the women which the foster-father tried to offset by occasional but probably welltimed severity. In 1815 the family sailed for England on the Ship Lothair, taking Edgar with them, After a brief stay in London they visited Scotch relatives, the Galts, Allans, and Fowlds, at Kilmarnock, Irvine, and other places about Ayrshire. A journey was made to Glasgow and then back to London in the late fall of 1815 when Edgar was sent back to ScotlandRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesC—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Subtitle D—Physician Payments Sunshine Provision Subtitle E—Public Reporting on Health Care-Associated Infections TITLE V—MEDICARE GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION TITLE VI—PROGRAM INTEGRITY †¢HR 3962 IH VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Read MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesdevelopment pipeline and discusses shareholder return in the form of dividends and share price movements. 58 60 64 69 71 74 84 91 94 96 101 Financial statements Directors’ statement of responsibilities Independent Auditors’ report Financial statements Notes to the ï ¬ nancial statements Financial statements of GlaxoSmithKline plc prepared under UK GAAP 102 103 104 109 188 Shareholder information Quarterly trend Five year record Product development pipeline Share price and dividends Nature of tradingRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesSHIFTS Projections of the growth and decline in jobs illustrates the economic and employment shifts currently occurring. Figure 1—1 indicates the occupations with the largest percentage growth anticipated between 1996 and 2006. It is interesting to note that in Figure 1—1 most of the fastest-growing occupations percentagewise are related to information technology or health care. The increase in the technology jobs is due to the rapid increase in the use of information technology, such as databasesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagescustomer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and DisciplineRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesregression could be covered before either of these topics. Optional portions of Chapter 14 (multiple regression) and chapter 15 (analysis of variance) and Chapter 16 (nonparametric methods) are included in the online materials that accompany this text. A Note on Probability The content of the probability chapters is consistent with the Advanced Placement Statistics course description. It includes both a traditional treatment of probability and probability distributions at an introductory level, as well

Leadership Skills Of The Steve Jobs And The Management Skills Of The T

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Skills Of The Steve Jobs And The Management Skills Of The Tim Cook. Answer: Differentiation between Leadership and Management Leaders (Steve Jobs) Managers (Tim Cook) Steve Jobs was an active and curious person and he was quite good at planning and organizing the activities. As Tim Cook has overtaken the position of the founder of Apple INC., he has shown his skills and talent in order to support the existing employees of the organization so that Apple INC.[1] could attain outstanding growth in the business environment. Steve Jobs was a personality with various solutions for a single issue. When Apple INC. was at the diminishing stage, he was the person who showed his unique skills to manufacture ultimate electronic consumer goods and gadgets.[2] Due to this Apple INC. is enjoying huge success today. While evaluating the qualities of Tim Cook and Steve Jobs, they both are exceptional for their places. Today, Apple INC. is at the peak place but still, it suffers from various issues but Tim Cook has the ability to resolve those issues quickly so that organizations performance does not get affected. Steve Jobs was so motivating and it gets proved with his abilities which could be seen from the Apple Inc.s performance. He was a college dropout and at a very less age, he started building computers with the help of his two friends. Tim Cook has taken the responsibility of Apple Inc. on his shoulders to maintain the companys worth and position in the market. Power bases used by Leaders Under this scenario, a number of power bases being used by the Steve Jobs in his career in order to take the Apple INC. on the next level. Coercive Power: This is the technique which is used to turn someones decision in the same direction in which leader wants to. Threatening and punishment techniques are also being used in order to change the existing employees decision in manner leader wants.[3] Legitimate Power: These are the powers which are available to the leader at a certain stage only. As Steve Jobs was the founder, CEO as well as the leader of Apple Inc., he was available with these powers and these powers are also used to influence the employees of the organization to work in the same direction which is shown to them. [4] Reward Power: This technique is quite common in these days as some type of incentives; bonus or extra income is being provided to the employees for performing in an appropriate manner. Expert Power: This influences the employees to follow the path shown by the expert with great knowledge and skills. As the expert of Apple Inc. was Steve Jobs, hence; he was the person for showing adequate way to its employees in order to attain the desired goal and the objectives. Characteristics of an effective leader and limitation While evaluating the characteristics of Mr. Steve Jobs, the following are some of the primary points which make him as an effective leader: Steve Jobs was the person with very bright and positive vision and he was having the great power to influence the people towards his ideas and thoughts. As a result, today Apple INC. is ranked on the peak position in consumer electronic goods. [5] As per the person based theories of leadership, trait theory, behavioural theory, contingency theory, etc. are being included. As per the trait theory, an effective leader should be filled with self-confidence, honesty towards his work, intelligence, energy, etc. Reviewing the qualities of Steve Jobs, all these qualities were present in his nature. Due to this, they are known as an effective and efficient leader. While behavioural theorys components describe that an effective leader should have the behaviour of a leader as this helps him to lead the team efficiently. Apart from this, leader gets more effective with experiences. Steve Jobs does this too, as he was not the part of his own company but afterward, he was given the command to run the company and with his innovation skills and talent, he introduces various electronic goods continuously and this helps the organization to attain the peak position in the global market. He was the founder of Apple INC. and he made the first pc-computer with his extraordinary skills. He was the person with adequate qualities and amongst them, selling his own ideas in the market was the most effective one which proves him as the effective leader. Along with the visions, ideas, and skills, Steve Jobs was known for implementing those in the correct manner in order to attain the adequate results. [6] Limitations There are number of limitations available under person-based theories of leadership, some are: Relationship between the leader and his subordinates is the biggest limitation because it directly affects the performance of the whole team. Not taking the advice of subordinates in decision making and this does not build efficient interaction between the teammates which does not extract adequate results for the organization. [7] Different Leadership Qualities Leadership qualities should be unique in order to attend the unique types of situations. As per the situational theories of leadership, style of leading the team should be relevant as per the situation and the task. Below are the leadership styles as per the situations: In early 1975, Wozniak was the co-founder of Apple INC. and he was capable enough to manufacture effective computers. Being an effective leader, Steve Jobs recognised his marketing potential and he influenced Wozniak to perform the same functionalities with him. As the result, it was the first achievement of Apple and they raised $1,350 in the same year. Afterwards, the second PC was launched in 1977 and it was the biggest revolutionary era of PC. This helps the organization to generate $200 million within 2 years. This shows the self-confidence of the Steve Jobs and the quality of supporting and influencing his friend, shows his leadership qualities related to situation. [8] Another situation shows his self-confinement and the unique leadership style. In 1983, conflicts occurred between the Steve Jobs and the board of directors of Apple INC. It was the current CEO of Apple at that time John Sculley and he was the CEO of PepsiCo prior to this. Steve Jobs asked him to join the Apple saying Do you want to produce and sell sugared water in rest of your life or you want a chance to change the world? Ironically, he was the primary reason for Jobs removal from his own company and he quitted Apple INC. in 1985. Outside of Apple, Jobs diverted his attention towards the Pixar Animations Studios and he also founded a rival firm as NeXT which is a computer manufacturing firm.[9] On the other hand, Apples market share was rapidly decreasing and due to this, they took over the NeXT computers and hired Jobs as an advisor consultant of the company. After his appointment, he resurrected Apple with his unique leadership styles and innovations and Apple got its lost positi on in the global market again. This shows the quality of self-confidence of Jobs and his style of his leadership which helped the company to regain its lost position. Dispersed Theories of leadership Substitute Leadership: Under this technique, leader reduces or enhances his efforts as per the workplaces characteristics. It helps the leader to neutralize his efforts in the workplace. Self-Leadership: This theory explains the influencing capability of a leader. Leader needs to assign the task to his subordinates in order to get the work done in an effective manner.[10] Both these skills were present in the Steve Jobs as he was capable enough to get the work done from others in the same manner as per his requirements. Exchange Theories of Leadership Transactional Leadership: These are the leaders who use power bases to influence its subordinates as well as the other employees of the organization to get the work done. Steve Jobs was one of them and now Tim Cook is also following the same path in order to maintain the Apple INC.s market position across the global market.[11] Jobs used to execute all the strategies of rewards and punishment for influencing the employees to perform. [12] Transformational Leadership: This theory describes the relevant changes needed in the workplace in order to obtain the adequate results. Steve Jobs was the biggest example of practising this type of leadership style as he used to take all his teammates and employees along with him to analyse the requirement of the consumers and the organization. After analysing the demand, necessary changes were also implemented in order to gain the adequate results. [13] Authentic Leadership: Authentic leaders believe in self-concepts and they are quite positive in nature. Steve Jobs and the Tim Cook, both these personalities are quite positive in their work fields. Apart from this, adaptation of the authentic leadership style helps the leader to build effective relationship between the subordinates in order to gain the subsequent outcomes. [14] Application of authentic leadership style will result in positive manner for every organization as, under this style, leaders are quite positive as well as they are capable enough in building and maintaining appropriate relationship between the followers, subordinates with the employers. Team performance and the individual performance can also be enhanced with the implementation of authentic leadership style within the workplace. [15] From the above discussion with regards to the leadership skills used by the Steve Jobs co-founder of Apple Inc., it can be concluded that he was the person with appropriate knowledge and skills which enough commence business operations and taking the organization to the next level. His self-confidence, qualities, talent and visions are the primary objectives of Steve Jobs and these should be present in an effective leader. After Steve Jobs, Tim Cook has managed all the functionalities of the organization in an appropriate manner which proves him as an effective manager. Hence, it is quite fair to say that, Steve Jobs was a great leader and Tim Cook is a great manager. Bibliography Aaker, D.A. Joachimsthaler, E., 2012, Simon and Schuster, Brand leadership. Akana, J., Andre, B.K., Bataillou, J., Coster, D.J., De Iuliis, D., Hankey, E., Howarth, R.P., Ive, J.P., Jobs, S., Kerr, D.R. Nishibori, S., 2011,Patent D642, Electronic device. U.S., pp. 563. Allio, R.J., 2012, Leaders and leadershipmany theories, but what advice is reliable,Strategy Leadership,vol. 41 (1), pp.4-14. Bel, R., 2010, Leadership and innovation: Learning from the best,Global business and organizational excellence,vol. 29 (2), pp.47-60. Berg, H.P., 2010, Risk management: procedures, methods and experiences,Risk Management, 1 (17), pp.79-95. Bolman, L. Deal, T., 2014, Leadership and management,Christian Youth Work in Theory and Practice: A Handbook, pp.245. Drori, I. Honig, B., 2013, A process model of internal and external legitimacy,Organization Studies, 34 (3), pp.345-376. Gladewell, M., 2011, The real genius of Steve Jobs, The New Yorker. Heath, R.L. O'Hair, H.D. eds., 2010, Routledge, Handbook of risk and crisis communication. Shah, T. Mulla, Z.R., 2013, Leader Motives, Impression Management, and Charisma: A Comparison of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates,Management and Labour Studies,vol. 38 (3), pp.155-184. Shah, T. Mulla, Z.R., 2013, Leader Motives, Impression Management, and Charisma: A Comparison of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates,Management and Labour Studies,vol. 38 (3), pp.155-184. Isaacson, W., 2012, The real leadership lessons of Steve Jobs,Harvard business review,vol. 90 (4), pp.92-102. Northouse, P.G., 2015,Sage publications, Leadership: Theory and practice. Northouse, P.G., 2017,Sage Publications, Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice. Purdy, G., 2010, ISO 31000: 2009setting a new standard for risk management,Risk analysis, 30 (6), pp.881-886.

Teacher immediacy Essay Example

Teacher immediacy Paper Immediacy can be described as psychological and physical closeness to another human (Gorham, 1988). Traditionally, immediacy has two components, non verbal and verbal. Non-verbal immediacy behaviors have been categorized into items such at smiles, eye contact, communicating at short distances, body positions that are forward leaning and/or relaxed, positive gestures, touch, and variety in vocalizations (Christophel, 1990; Kearney, Plax, Smith, Sorenson, 1988). Verbal immediacy would include self-disclosure, use of we, calling on students by name, and humor (Gorham, 1988; Kearney et al. , 1988). It is clear that teacher immediacy impacts teacher effectiveness, student motivation, and student learning (Gorham, 1988; Rodriguez, Plax, Kearney, 1996). What is unclear is the link between teacher immediacy, perceived teacher gender, and student willingness to participate. For this study, the variable of instructor nonverbal and verbal immediacy behaviors will be student reported on a 34-item measure (Christophel, 1990). Perceived Gender of the Instructor Because the students will report on the gender traits of the instructor, this variable is labeled as perceived gender. Sex and gender are not terms that are interchangeable today in communication research (Campbell, Gillaspy, Thompson, 1997). The term sex usually refers to biological differences between women and men while gender often refers to the social, psychological, and cultural beliefs humans have about themselves as being male or female (Pearson Davilla, 2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher immediacy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher immediacy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher immediacy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For this study, gender is defined as the sex type of a person based on the degree to which that person has internalized the traits the society has deemed as masculine and feminine, and these masculine and feminine traits are delineated by the BSRI based on a judgment as to whether American society viewed those characteristics as more desirable in men and women, respectively (Bem, 1974). As educational communication researchers, we are interested in the extent to which our students have internalized societys standards for being masculine or feminine and how this internalization impacts how students conceptualize and categorize teacher gender traits. One way to measure perception of sex roles is to use the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) created by Sandra Bem (1974). The BSRI treated masculinity and femininity as two separate dimensions and asked respondents to self-rate from a list of personality traits (Auster Ohm, 2000). Each respondent would be classified into one of four groups: androgynous (high masculine/high feminine), masculine (high masculine/low feminine), feminine (low masculine/high feminine), and undifferentiated (low masculine/low feminine) (Pearson Davilla, 2001; Wheeless, Dierks-Stewart, 1981). In the original study, Menzel and Carrel (1999) found no significant relationship between the biological sex of instructors and student willingness to participate. What is unclear is both the relationship between perceived teacher gender and student willingness to participate and the relationship between perceived teacher gender and teacher immediacy behaviors. For this study, the variable of perceived gender of the instructor will be student reported on a 20-item BSRI. Willingness to Talk Student willingness to talk is an important component of the classroom environment, but unfortunately it is rare for the majority of students participate in whole class discussion (Green, 2000) Oral student participation is linked to active learning (Steinert, Snell, 1999), and instructors use class discussions to develop critical thinking skills (Garside, 1996) and to improve student communication competence (Zorn, 1991). Furthermore, student in-class speech is often a way that teachers gauge their pedagogical effectiveness, and instructors also use student speech to evaluate student learning (Cooper, 1995). Despite the importance of student speech in student learning, in a discussion setting that incorporates thirty-five students or less, 15 percent of the students will be responsible for 75 percent of all student speech (Green, 2000). Because of this disparity in student participation, it is important to study variables that could influence student willingness to speak. Menzel and Carrel (1999) found the level of student willingness to talk to be positively correlated with student learning; they also argued that classroom dialogue is important to study because it is a reflection of effective instruction. When measuring willingness to talk in class, it seems reasonable to accept Menzel and Carrels (1999) incorporation of the variables of student interest and state motivation, type of participation environment, seating arrangement, and level of discord with ideas discussed, especially since the researchers statistically evaluated their instrument for internal validity and found these variables valuable in studying student willingness to talk. For this study the variable of student willingness to talk in class is self-reported on a 19-item measure incorporating the aforementioned variables (Menzel Carrel, 1999). Purposes and Objectives This study seeks to replicate portions of the original study done by Menzel and Carrell (1999), with biological sex being replaced by gender of instructor, which is defined as psychological gender traits and student reported on the shortened BSRI. As previously discussed, research has positively correlated teacher immediacy behaviors with student willingness to talk (Menzel Carrell, 1999). Previous research has not investigated two potential relationships: between student willingness to talk and perceived instructor gender traits, and between instructor immediacy behaviors and perceived instructor gender traits. Hypothesis and Research Questions: H1: A students willingness to talk in class will positively vary based on instructor immediacy behavior (verbal and nonverbal combined in one variable). RQ1: Will a students willingness to talk in class vary as a function of the student reported perceived gender of the instructor? RQ2: Is there a relationship between instructor immediacy behavior (verbal and nonverbal combined in one variable) and student reported perceived gender of the instructor? With regard to our data set, we surveyed community college students while Menzel and Carrell (1999) surveyed university students. Given the differences between the educational plans of some community college students and the educational plans of university students, we wondered if length of planned education could impact how students reported on the three variables of our study. With this in mind, we posed a final research question.

Dental Law †Dental Practice Act

Dental Law – Dental Practice Act Free Online Research Papers Dental Law Dental Practice Act The dental board is also responsible for creating and enforcing the state Dental Practice Act, which contains the laws governing the business and professional aspects of dentistry in the state. The DPA determines the contractual relationship the dentist has with patients as well as how the practice must be run. The laws and provisions of the DPA are different in each state but there are some similarities with regard to the conduct of the dentist. 1 According to the Americans with disabilities Act, a dentist can’t refuse to treat any patient on the basis of race, creed, color, or disability. This includes persons with HIV and AIDS. As you may know, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV suppresses or destroys the T-cells of the body’s immune system (the system that fights off disease). Because of this, AIDS patients lack the ability to fight off any disease will which they might come in contact. They frequently get opportunistic diseases, infections that usually are controlled by the body’s immune system but can’t be because it’s not working properly. Dentists who feel they can’t treat certain individuals should give them a referral to a place where they can expect treatment. 2 The dentist is responsible for the actions, legal or illegal, of himself or herself and the office auxiliaries. A patient can sue the dental treatment but can also sue the employee individually. Included in this responsibility is the direct and indirect supervision if dental auxiliaries. By direct supervision, we mean that the dentist is physically present in the office, authorizes the procedure, is there while it’s done, and checks the results before the patient leaves. By indirect, or general, supervision, we mean that the dentist delegates a procedure or type of treatment to a trained auxiliary and needn’t be physically present while it’s done. We’ll discuss later in this section how this may affect you. 3 The dentist must charge reasonable fees for treatment. Care, once begun, should be completed in a reasonable time. The dentist should notify a patient in writing if care could no longer be provided. The care a dentist must provide to a patient includes Licensure (because of all the knowledge that’s needed to become licensed) Reasonable skill and judgment in the performance of each type of procedure undertaken Use of standard materials, drugs, and techniques that are accepted by the profession. The Law and the Dental Assistant Laws affecting the use of auxiliaries have been changing in recent years. These changes are made in the DPA. In some states, the DPA has been changed to allow hygienists to work under general super vision. Assistants who’ve had special, extended training in dental procedures can work under general supervision and provide certain treatments directly in the mouth. However, in other states, dental assistants and hygienists still must work under direct supervision. If you perform duties that aren’t allowed by the DPA in your state, you’re committing an illegal act. As the laws change, continue your education. Keep up-to-date! Then the dentist will feel confident in giving you more responsibility in patient care and dental procedure. Research Papers on Dental Law - Dental Practice ActArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Fifth HorsemanUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Project Managment Office System

Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox

Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox Known for: known for her plotting on behalf of Roman Catholicism in England.  Ã‚  She was the  grandmother of James VI of Scotland who became James I of England, and the mother of James father, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley.. Margaret Douglas was the niece of Tudor King Henry VIII and granddaughter of Henry VII. Dates: October 8, 1515 - March 7, 1578 Heritage Margaret Douglas  mother was Margaret Tudor, daughter of Englands King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Margaret Tudor, named for her paternal grandmother,  Margaret Beaufort, was the widow of James IV of Scotland. Margaret Douglas father was Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus; the marriage of Margaret Tudor and Archibald Douglas in 1514, at first secret, was the second for each, and alienated many of the other Scottish nobles and threatened her supervision of her two sons by James IV, James V (1512-1542) and Alexander (1514-1515). Margaret Douglas, the only child of her mothers second marriage, was brought up with and was a lifelong friend to King Henry VIIIs daughter by Catherine of Aragon, Princess Mary, later Englands Queen Mary I. Scandalous Relations Margaret Douglas became engaged to Thomas Howard while she was a lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn, the second queen of Margarets uncle Henry VIII. Howard was sent to the Tower of London in 1537 for their unauthorized relationship, as Margaret was at that time next in line of succession, Henry VIII having declared illegitimate his daughters Mary and Elizabeth. Love poems she wrote to Thomas Howard were preserved in the Devonshire MS, now in the British Library. Margaret had reconciled with her uncle by 1539, when he asked her to greet his new bride Anne of Cleves on her arrival in England. In 1540, Margaret had an affair with Charles Howard, nephew of Thomas Howard and brother of Catherine Howard, the fifth queen of Henry VIII. But again Henry VIII reconciled with his niece, and Margaret was a witness to his sixth and final marriage, to Catherine Parr, who had known Margaret for many years. Marriage In 1544, Margaret Douglas married Matthew Stewart, the 4th Earl of Lennox, who was living in England. Their elder son, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, in 1565 married Mary, Queen of Scots, daughter of James V, Margaret Douglas half-brother. The Stewart (Stuart) name for a later line of kings of England and Scotland comes from Margaret Douglas second husband through the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley. Plotting Against Elizabeth After Marys death and the succession of Protestant Queen Elizabeth I in 1558, Margaret Douglas retired to Yorkshire, where she became involved with Roman Catholic plotting. In 1566 Elizabeth had Lady Lennox sent to the Tower. Margaret Douglas was released after her son, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, was murdered in 1567. In 1570-71, Matthew Stewart, Margarets husband, became Regent in Scotland; he was assassinated in 1571. Margaret was again imprisoned in 1574 when her younger son Charles married without royal permission; she was pardoned in 1577 after he died. She briefly helped care for the daughter of Charles, Arbella Stuart. Death and Legacy Margaret Douglas died only a year after she was released. Queen Elizabeth I gave her a large funeral. Her effigy lies in Westminster Abbey, where her son Charles is also buried. The grandson of Margaret Douglas, James, who was the son of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, and of Mary, Queen of Scots, became King James VI of Scotland and, at the death of Elizabeth I, was crowned King James I of England. He was the first Stewart king.

Art history summary and answer question Assignment - 1

Art history summary and answer question - Assignment Example Moreover, he spelled out that Vasari could sing divinely without any preparations. Through outrageous incredible attributes of Leonardo, Vasari is able to capture people’s attention towards Leonardo’s life. Another factor that Vasari points out is that Leonardo was a ‘multi-player’; he was able to perform numerous tasks interchangeably and easily. He did not give up on drawing and relief workings despite doing other things such as playing lyre, doing arithmetic and singing. Overall then Vasari was able to influence Leonardo’s fame after his death through the style of oratory, hyperbole and idealistic comments. Vasari’s oratory praise style was very instrumental in elevating the life of Leonardo. To begin with he argued that Leonardo’s fame was great when he was still alive and enhanced when he passed on. He expounded on this view holding that the heavens, in seldom times, sent people some individuals who represented both humanity and divinity. This, Vasari believed was important to people such that it enabled them to view it as a model and imitate it so as to approach the heavenly highest parts with their mind and with the intellect excellence. Through this explanation, Vasari is able to capture people’s emotions such that Leonardo, with his impeccable attributes, was a real role model for many people and hope for them that they could reach far. Besides, Rubin (pg. 97) adds that individuals who wish to follow Leonardo’s footsteps of such admirable attributes via studying, even when not helped by nature to realize such magnitude; could at least embrace the works of divine of those who play a part of the divinity. From these comments of Vasari, enormous praise was notably laid on Leonardo before people intentionally. In fact Rubin (pg. 97) argues that Vasari was deliberate by using unique terms and metaphors in describing Leonardo’s ‘wondrous and divinity’ characteristics. Rubin argues

Artist of Egyptian Old Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artist of Egyptian Old Kingdom - Essay Example As the study declares the pre-dynastic time period in the Egyptian history gave the actual form of expression to the Egyptian art. That was the time period when Egyptian art actually flourished and took a new meaning of its form. The third (3rd) and the forth (4th) Dynasty introduced the meaning of expression and freedom in the Egyptian art and culture. This trend was then followed by all the generations who come afterwards. Since an art has ample space to absorb all the possible changes in it, Egyptian art could also take in all the actions of exploration and freedom of expression in it. As explained by that the cases meant for burials and funerals of kings and their relatives are the most remarkable commemoration that exist since the time of the Early Dynasties of Egypt. He also explains that the alterations in the concepts of majestic burials are a symbol of advancements in not only the architecture and building. Infact this process of change and alterations can also be observed in the concepts of afterlife. The Egyptian art reached its culminating point in the era of Dynasty IV. Dynasty V and VI then brought the technical progress and advancements throughout the country afterwards. Explains that â€Å"an artist of old Egyptian kingdom did not hold any special recognition for the work he had done in his time.  The Egyptian art reached its culminating point in the era of Dynasty IV.   Dynasty V and VI then brought the technical progress and advancements throughout the country afterwards.